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Crash Course 25: Growth of Cities

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information that corresponds roughly with Chps. 16 and 17

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hi I'm John Green this is Crash Course u.s. history and today we're going to continue our extensive looking American capital of the zee-zee from the past but I mean you can exploit because you  production please include the chalkboard a video camera a desk and a xenophobic globe Paw Patrol commercial farming transforms the American West in gave us mythical Cowboys and unfortunately not so mythical Indian reservations today we leave the sticks and head for the city has so many Americans and immigrants have done throughout this nation's history what every hipster in Brookland it's the opposite was going everywhere in America after 1850 following a major economic downturn in the 1890s Farm prices made a comeback and that Drew more more people out west to take part in What would have been truly be called agriculture's Golden Age although to be fair agriculture is real golden age was in like 3000 BCE when Mesopotamian do I do it if we planted these in Rose we could have more of it than we could eat so it's really more of a second golden age but anyway more than a million land claims were filed under the Homestead Act in the 90s in between 1900 and 1910 the populations of Texas and Oklahoma together increased by almost two million people in another 800,000 people moved into Kansas Dakota's in Nebraska that's right people moved to Nebraska sorry I just had offended Nebraskans I'm looking to get through the list before the end of the year turned out west with that the demand for agricultural products was increasing due to the growth of cities in 1880 20% of the American population lived in cities and they were 12 cities with the population over 100,000 people this Rose to 18 cities in 1900 with the percentage of urban dwellers rising to 38% 10 by 1920 68 percent of Americans lived in cities and 26 cities had a population over 100,000 so industrial power and from being predominantly rural to largely Urban this is to use a technical historian term a really big deal because it didn't just make cities possible but also their products coincidence that will all this was happening we were getting cool stuff like electric lights and moving picture cameras neither of which were invented by Thomas Edison I don't know if you've noticed but suddenly there a lot more stopped in Crash Course u.s. history beer Urban growth was New York especially after Manhattan with Brooklyn and the Bronx queens and Staten Island 98 the population of the 23 square miles of Manhattan Island was over two million and a combined five boroughs how to population over formula is most of the attention in this time. And all time. Since he wasn't alone in experiencing massive growth like my old hometown of Chicago after basically burning to the ground and 1871 turn the second word to city in America by the 1890s Cubs won two World Series even though I'm sorely tempted to chalk up the growth of these metropolises to a combination of better nutrition and arise and Scooby pooping I'm going to have to bound a stupid his go accuracy and tell you that much of the growth had to do with the phenomenon that this. Is most known for immigration of course by the end of the 19th century immigration was not a new phenomenon in United States after the first wave of colonization by English people and Spanish people in other European there was a new wave of Scandinavians French people and especially the eye most of you probably know about the Potato Famine of the 1840s that let a million Irish men and women to flee if you don't know about it it was awful the second largest wave of immigrants was German speakers including a number of liberals who left after the abortive Revolutions of 1848 alright let's go to the play they tended to stay in cities like New York and Boston most of the men began their working lives as low wage unskilled laborers but over time they came to have much more very job cartoon Irish immigrant women worked to summon factories or as domestic servants in the homes of the growing upper class many women actually prefer the freedom that factory labor provided in Irish Factory women compared her life to that of a servant by saying our day is 10 hours long but when it's done it's done and we can do what we like with the evenings that's what I turn from every nice girl that's tried service you're never sure that your soul is your own except when you're out of the house German speakers have been farmers and their home countries and would remain farmers can you ask what a number of skilled Artisans also came they tended to stay in cities and make a go of Entrepreneurship Bismarck himself saw immigration from Germany as a good thing saying the veteran the higher the volume of emigration and that's why we named a city in North Dakota after him came to New York that the Lower East Side of Manhattan came to be known for a time as Klein twin Little Germany many move to the growing cities of the Midwest like Cincinnati in St Louis some of the most famous German immigrants became Brewers and America is much richer for the was men like Frederick Joseph Schlitz and Adolphus Busch and by Richard I mean drunker hey thanks for not ending on a downer thought bubble 1890s over half of the 3.5 million immigrants who came to our Shores came from Southern and Eastern Europe in particular Italy and the Russian and austro-hungarian Empire they were more likely than previous immigrants to be Jewish or Catholic and well almost all of them were looking for work many were also escaping political or religious persecution and by the 1890s they also what day is new scientific theories which I'm putting an air quotes to be clear because there was nothing scientific about them which consigned them to different races who's low level of syphilis with fit only for certain kinds of work and predispose them to criminality the immigration restriction League was founded in Boston in 1894 and lobbied for now legislation that would limit the number of immigrants and one such won't even passed Congress in 1897 only to be vetoed by President Grover Cleveland go to work Grover you know his same with Steven but he called himself Grover I would have made a different Choice before you get too excited about Grover Cleveland list the Chinese Chinese immigrants overwhelmingly male hit been coming to the United States mostly to the West since the 1850s to work in mines and on the railroads they were viewing with especially because they will different spoke a different language and they had strange habits like regular bathe by the time the Chinese Exclusion Act went into effect in 1882 there were 105 the people of Chinese descent living in the United States mainly in cities on the west coast San Francisco refuse to educate Asians until the state supreme court ordered them to do so and even then the city responded by setting up segregated schools the immigrants fought back through the courts in 1886 in the case of Roe versus Hopkins the United States Supreme Court order San Francisco to Grant Chinese operated laundries licenses to operate 10 in 1898 in the United States vs Wong Kim Ark of the Court ruled that american-born children of Chinese Prince were entitled to citizenship under the 14th Amendment which should have been a dub wasn't even hard on the Supreme Court hear it crash course but those were two good decisions you go to in court despite these victories Asian immigrants continue to face discrimination in the form of vigilante LED riots like the one in Rock Springs Wyoming that killed 26 people and Congressional true prescriptions many of which the Supreme Court did uphold so that's what's important to remember that this large-scale immigration and the fear of it was part of a global phenomenon at its peak between 1901 and the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914 13 million immigrants came to the United States in the entire period touched off by the industrialization from 18 40 until 1914 total of 40 million people came to the US immigrated to other parts of the Western Hemisphere including Brazil the Caribbean yes Canada and Argentina as much as we have Italian immigrants to thank for things like pizza and we do thank you Argentina can be just as grateful for the Immigrant ancestors of was he also the pope although he has never once won La Liga to other parts of the British Empire Chinese immigration to South America and the mean the list goes on and on in short America is not as special as it fancies itself  the rules here simple I guess the author the mystery document I get it wrong and then I get shocked with the shock pen sorry I don't mean to sound defeatist but I don't have a good feeling about this are the challenged attention to the group was the tall straight father with his Earnest face and fine forehead nervous hands eloquent and gesture and the voice full of feeling this Foreigner who brought his children to school Act of consecration who regarded the teacher of the primer class with reverence who spoke of Visions like a man inspired in a common classroom I think Miss Nixon guest my father's best English could not convey I think she divined that by the simple Act of delivering our school certificates to her he took possession of America I don't know if I thought it might be someone who works with immigrants like Jane Addams but then at the end Suddenly It's her own father Wikipedia page she does did you write it since Stan wrote her Wikipedia page so this document while it was written by someone who should not have a Wikipedia page next to America we're coming for the most obvious reason opportunity industrialization both in manufacturing and agriculture meant that there were jobs in America there was so much work in fact companies used labor recruiters who went to Europe to advertise opportunities at the passage with relatively cheap provided you were only going to make it once in your life and it was fast taking only eight 12 days on the new steam powered ship the Lower East Side of Manhattan became the magnet for waves of immigrants first Germans than Eastern European Jews and Italians who tended to recreate towns neighborhoods within blocks and sometimes single building tenements these four five and six story buildings that were designed to be apartments Spring up in the second half of the nineteenth century and the earliest ones were unsanitary and crowded that the city passed laws requiring a minimum of light and ventilation and often these tenement Apartments doubled as workspaces because many immigrant women and children in peace work especially in the Garment industry local laws mandating the occasional window and outlawing the presence of cows on public streets conditions in these cities were pretty bad things got a little bit better with the construction of elevated railroads and later Subway's that helps relieve traffic congestion but they created a new problem pickpocket sick Pockets take advantage of the confusion turn into pie their vocation the Final close heated air is poisonous a healthy person cannot write a dozen blocks without a headache so that's J transportation technology also enable the greater degree of residential segregation in cities Manhattan's downtown area had that one time how's the very rich as well as the very what improve Transportation meant that people no longer had to leave and work in the same place and JPMorgan constructed Townsend Uptown townhouses work on one of the most notable features of Gilded Age cities like New York was that the rich and the poor lived in such close proximity to each and this meant with America's growing urbanisacion the growing distance between rich and poor was visible to both rich and poor and much as we see in today's MegaCity this inability to walk away from poverty and economic inequality became a source of concern that one way to alleviate such concern is to create suburbs so you don't have to look at 4 people put another response to Urban problems politics which in cities like New York became something of a contact sport another response with the so-called Progressive Movement and in all these responses and in the issues that prompted them Urban is should mechanization capitalism the distribution of resources throughout the social order we can see modern industrial America taking shape and that is the America we live in thank you for watching I'll see you next week by Stan Miller the script supervisor history myself RC freezer is Danica Johnson and our Graphics team is thought Cafe you answered by our team of historian thank you for watching crash course and as we say in my hometown don't forget to go

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