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Crash Course Ep. 14 "The Age of Jackson"

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Information that coincides with Chapters 9 & 10 of BTP (Period 4) on the Jacksonian Era

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hi I'm John Green this is Crash Course u.s. history and today after last week's bummer on slavery we turn to a happier topic the rise of democratization in the US known as the age of Jackson stand not that Jackson no no stand come on Sears no no no no no no no no no no no no no yes that Jackson Andrew Jackson times to check my caller list all of Voters were white male landowners legislators lowered or else eliminated the property qualifications for voting which allowed many more people to vote so long as they were you know both white and may I be in yeah that seems reasonable me from the back one of the reasons we study history is so that you can wear that people like you or not actually at the center of History even though you know you've been anyway the whole idea of owning land is a prerequisite for voting is sort of Jeffersonian individual who works his own land can be truly independent because he doesn't need to rely upon Market require stuff for God forbid wages to give him money with which to buy stuff no he makes his own stuff and he doesn't need anybody except for slaves and also turn to make shoes and clothes in to cook food and also make children but in light of the market Revolution the idea of excluding wage workers seem to very outdated they of excluding women in play people don't still quite popular this very little to do with Andrew Jackson set for North Carolina Virginia and Rhode Island had already gotten rid of their property requirements can collapse of the Federalist Party ushered in the Era of Good Feelings which was another way of saying that there was basic agreement on most domestic policies play some built on one federally financed internal improvements like roads and canals what we would Now call infrastructure to terrorists to protect new factories and industries and three snowbank that would replace the First Bank of the United States whose Charter expired in 1811 you'll never guess what we called this second Bank unless you guessed that we called it the second Bank of the United its borders if it's American System where are old friend John C Calhoun at our new friend Henry Clay surprising because the American system had nothing to do with The Agrarian Republic than Jefferson and Champion but whatever this was the Era of Good Feeling so we're going to go with it the way this National is also extended to Foreign Affairs when its independence from Spain President Monroe made a speech proposing that Europe shouldn't try to retake colonies in the Western Hemisphere we would like do stuff this so-called Monroe Doctrine also said that the US would stay out of European Wars hahaha that is over but we did move up to the other end of if you'll remember that when the British came for the Falkland Islands we were like this shall not stand just kidding we're like those rights the last air of Good Feelings president was Quincy Adams who was quite the Diplomat and expansionist actually wrote the Monroe Doctrine for instance issues many people felt that the federal government shouldn't invest in infrastructure like James Madison who'd initially supported those bills ended up vetoing one of them that included a big spending increase to finance roads and canals and Bank of the United States to that in a minute and lastly there was The Perennial issue of slavery in this case the problem started as so many problems do in Missouri had enough people in it to become a the despite the fact that they were already more than 10,000 slaves there a New York Congressman named James Talmage made a motion to prohibit the introduction of further slaves into the proposed took almost 2 years to work at the John C Calhoun storm that blew up after this actually it took more than that it took until the end of the Civil War basically will main was carved out of Massachusetts to keep the balance of things play is except of course for Missouri itself which as you can see is well Above the Law anyway the solution worked out Play The Way We Still Alive which gives you some context for how young the nation truly was wrote that the Missouri Compromise was quote like a fire Bell in the night that awakened consume me with Terror I considered it at once the death knell of the Union almost but in the short-term it did mean the rise of political parties what if there was only one political party that Democratic Spirit had nowhere to go fortunately there was a tiny little magician named Martin Van Buren really did go a little magician by the way also the stocks of Kinderhook but we remember him as the worst haired president of the United States invented the Democratic Party who was first to realize that National political parties could be a good fit Martin Van Buren was known as the little magician and I don't know that sounds a little bit silly but I think it's second American president with a well-used nickname and the first was his immediate predecessor Andrew Jackson Old Hickory why does this matter what when you're actually having to campaign for off says all presidential candidates do after the election of 1828 and you're trying to appeal to the newly enfranchised Common Man what better way to seem like a regular guy then a nickname I mean if you think this is crazy just think of the nicknames and some of our most popular presidents Honest Abe the bull moose The Gipper even our lesser-known president said nicknames Young Handsome Frank old Rough and Ready Big Steve James Buchanan and I am not making this up was old public functionary and I think the old book functionary He seems confident as it happens he wasn't shortly after the end of the war of 1812 feeling that he decided to run for president in 1824 bargain 1828 Jackson ran a much more negative campaign one of his campaign slogans was vote for Andrew Jackson who can fight not John Quincy Adams can write Adams responded by arguing that having a literate president wasn't such a bad thing and also by accusing Jackson of being a murderer which given his frequent habit of new massacre in he sort of he was I mean he had little formal schooling and in some ways he was the archetypal self-made man Jackson's policies to find the new Democratic party which former and we've been known as the Jefferson in Democratic Republic and the forward that was one of the results of the market Revolution they were particularly worried about Bankers merchants and speculators who seem to be getting rich without actually producing anything see if any of this sound familiar the Whigs stand the Whigs American with their name from the English Whigs who were opposed to absolute monarchy and the American wigs that Andrew Jackson was grabbing so much power for the executive branch that he was turning himself into Andrew big supporters of the American system and its active federal government you know resume benefited from those tariffs and the stability provided by a National Bank government should promote moral character because that was necessary for a person to act as a truly Independence citizens must have been pretty for them to spawn an entirely new political party what did he do tell if acacian Congress pass the Tariff of 1828 because they were not yet in the habit of marketing their bills via naming them with funny acronyms Jackson support Jason spider the fact that it benefited manufacturers raise prices on imported manufactured goods made of wool and iron which enraged South Carolina because they put all their money in slavery and none in the industry prices by manufacturing sweaters and pants and such at home South Carolinians would have to pay more they were so Mariette this Tariff of Abominations that the South Carolina legislature threatened to nullify it Jackson didn't take kindly to this affront to Federal power but South Carolina persist and when Congress passed a new tariff In 1832 one that actually lowered the duties the Palmetto States government nullified it Jackson responded by getting Congress to pass force act Which authorized him to use the Army and Navy to collect taxes a full-blown crisis was averted when Congress passed a new tariff in 1833 and South Carolina relented smelled a bit of dictatorship arm tax collectors in doll and helped to cement Jackson's reputation as a tyrant at least among the Whigs and then we have the Native Americans much of Jackson's patient there was based on killing them so it's no surprise that he supported Southern States efforts to appropriate Indian lands and make the Indians move this support was formalized in the Indian Google active 1830 which Jackson supported the wall provided funds to relocate Cherokees chickasaws Choctaw Creek and Seminole Indians from their homes and George North Carolina Florida Mississippi and Alabama turn the Cherokees violated their treaties with the federal government and that they had a right to their land to which Jackson supposedly responded by saying John Marshall has made his decision now let him enforce it remove the Cherokees from Georgia to Oklahoma but it actually took place in the winter of 1838 1839 under Jackson assessor Van Buren at least one quarter of the 18,000 Indians died on the forced March that came to be known as the Trail of Tears thank you also changed our banking system just us today Banks were very important to the industrial in Mercantile development of the u.s. American banking was dominated by the Second National Bank which remember had been established by Congress as part of the American system the rules here are simple when I inevitably failed to guess the author of the mystery document I get shocked with the shock pen the Privileges and favours bestowed turn it in the original charter by increasing the value of the stock far above its par value operator does a gratuity of many millions to its stockholders every Monopoly and all exclusive privileges are granted at the expense of the public which ought to receive a fair equivalent the many millions which this act proposes bestow on the stockholders of the existing Bank must come directly or indirectly out of the earnings of the American people stand I know this one it is not conceivable how the stockholders can have any claim to the special favor of government should the bank's influence become concentrated as it may under the operation of such an act as this in the hands of a selfie did directory will there not be caused to tremble for the purity of our elections it is Andrew Jackson's veto of the charter of the Second Bank of the United States yes go to 32 Bank leader Nicholas Biddle persuaded Congress to pass a bill extending the wife of the Second u.s. Bank for 20 years 1836 so he vetoed that bill tender of the lower classes by vetoing the banks chart wigs to the idea that the president was somehow a more democratic representative of the people than The Ledger major but in the end Jackson's do you want out he use the veto power more than any prior president turning it into a powerful tool with policy which it remains to this day by the way of the second play Weiss expired in 1836 which method suddenly we had no Central institution with which to control Federal fun Jackson ordered that money should be dispersed into local banks surprisingly preferencing ones that were friendly to him he so-called pet Banks were another version of rewarding political supporters the Jackson like to call rotation in office opponents called this tactic of awarding government offices to political favorites the spoils system and more paper money because you know money like between 1833 and 1837 the face value of banknotes and circulation Rose from 10 million dollars to 149 million dollars and that meant inflation change loved all this new money that they could use to finance internal improvements but inflation is really bad for wage workers and also eventually everyone to all this out of control inflation coupled with land speculation eventually led to an economic collapse the panic of 1837 the subsequent depression lasted until 1843 and Jackson's Bank policy proved to be arguably most disastrous fiscal policy in American history which is really saying something Democrats further align with agrarian interest which meant slavery Jackson was more democratic than anything that came before Jackson was the first president to really expand executive power and argue that the president is the most important democratically elected official in the country one of the things that makes Andrew Jackson's presidency so in sing it also so problematic is that he was elected by a more democratic process but he concentrated more power in the executive in a thoroughly undemocratic way in the end turn Jackson probably was the worst American president to end up on currency particularly given his disastrous fiscal policies but the age of Jackson is still important and it's worth remembering often American politics started out with the expansion of democracy thanks for watching I'll see you next week what's a producer is Danica Johnson the show is written by my high school history teacher Raoul Mayer and myself and our Graphics team is thought Cafe if you have a caption suggestions please leave them in common swear you can also questions about today's video that will be answered by our team of historians Central I can crash course and can you say in my hometown don't forget to be awesome

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Crash Course Ep. 14 "The Age of Jackson"

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