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Crash Course 10 US History "Thomas Jefferson"

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Episode 10. Period 4

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hi I'm John Green this is Crash Course u.s. history and today we're going to discuss Thomas Jefferson we're going to learn about how America became a thriving nation of small independent Farmers issue Manufacturing in world trade and becoming the richest and most powerful nation in the world in the 19th century all thanks to the vision of Thomas Jefferson the greatest intellectual inconsistent founding father who founded the University of Virginia and 20 varieties of peas and montagem the path get to your desk turn of events from the past is an idiot and Jefferson is more complicated than that tone 1800 Thomas Jefferson pictured here this is the third time that we featured Thomas Jefferson on the chalkboard so we had to go go to Warhol on play to Jefferson the Republican ran against John Adams the Federalist Party candidates actually campaigned and surprisingly the Federalist need a strategy of vote for Adams because he's better than you did not work and it got at least one fewer electoral votes than the presidential candidates  to set it up being a Time sing Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr the Constitution the election went to the House of Representatives and the intervention of Alexander Hamilton before Jefferson was finally named resident in Hamilton really dislike each other and not in like the passive aggressive way that politicians dislike each other these days but in the four years later they would have a new and Burkett Hamilton kind of way  wait for it in New Jersey lower but not as simple as saying you know one person's vote-counting is one vote anyway complain about the Electoral College all you want but without it we would never have had president preferred behave and just look at that beard who Jefferson became president and his election showed that Americans wanted a more democratic politics were common people were more free to express is there a pinions the Federalists were never really a threat again in presidential politics and arguably the best thing that John Adams ever did was transfer power in an orderly honorable way to his rival Jefferson Jefferson's campaign slogan with Jefferson and Liberty but the liberty and question was severely limited only a fraction of white men allowed to vote and of course there was no liberty for the slaves there's a lot of contentious debate on the subject of Jefferson and slavery but here's my two cents which I should not be allowed to contribute play the nearest nickel which by the way features Thomas Jefferson children with one of his slaves doesn't change that George Washington freed his slaves upon his death will sort of they were supposed to be freed upon his wife's death but living in a house full of people or waiting for you to die made Martha want to free them while she was still alive Finance his lavish lifestyle questions when it comes to history first if Jefferson clearly did not think the black people were the intellectual or more equal white sand with perfectly comfortable keeping them in bondage then what does the most important phrase of the Declaration of Independence actually mean and a second question is even broader does matter if a person of tremendous historical importance had terrible aspects to their character is being a bad person diminish your accomplishments I don't have a great answer for those questions but I will tell you that no remembers Richard Nixon for starting the EPA this is very important to understand first large-scale slave Uprising by Richmond Virginia blacksmith who hoped to seize the capital kill some of its inhabitants and hold the rest hostage until his transfer Evolution worm it was discovered before they could carry it out and Gabriel along with 25 other slaves was hanged after the Rebellion Virginians if they didn't know it already were very where did slaves wanted and expected Liberty and the response was predictable Virginia made its laws concerning slaves much harsher it became illegal for slaves to meet in groups on raising my supervised by white and it became much more difficult for whites to legally free their slaves the rules here are simple defy the author no shock fail to identify the author shock the love of Freedom sir is an inborn sentiment which the God of Nature has when did deep in the heart long may it be kept under the arbitrary institutions of society but if the first favourable moment it Springs forth and flourishes with a v play the defines all check this Celestial spark which fires the breast of the Savage which glows in that of the philosopher is not extinguished in the up the slave it may be buried in the Embers but it's still lives and the breadth of knowledge Kindles it to Flame thus we find sir there have never been slaves in any country to live Nazis did the first favorable opportunity to revolt timing from the beginning about the love of Freedom it seems like I can be Jefferson but the rest is not seem like Jefferson probably wasn't they were denied access to education precisely because the breadth of knowledge is so dangerous to the institution of slavery John Jay watching this who does George Tucker fine  apparently George Tucker was a member of the general assembly of Virginia and the Mystery document was a description of gay Turner's Rebellion that suggested a solution to the inherent problem of rebellious slaves can we were soon to steal that territory Empire of Liberty rather than english-style industrial Mercantile nightmare landscape Max's except for the Tariff especially the whiskey tax and then when he woke up with a terrible Cheap whiskey induced hangover he paid off part of the national debt he's shrunk of the Army and the Navy and basically made sure that America wouldn't become a centralized english-style state for at least the next 60 year low taxes and small government sounds great but no Navy that would be especially when we needed ships and Marines to fight the Barbary pirates on the shores of Tripoli who kept capturing our ships in the Mediterranean and enslaving their this is yet another example of how fares keeps getting in the way of domestic priorities in this case the domestic priority of not wanting to spend money on a Navy also really marks the last time in American history when a Republican president didn't want to spend money on the military Jefferson found himself forwarded by that eminently conservative an undemocratic institution the Supreme Court appointed Republicans to most government positions but he couldn't do anything what's the Supreme Court because they serve for life who is Chief Justice basically forever and is without question the most important figure in the history of the Supreme Court he wrote a number of key opinions but none was more important than the 1803 to turn in Marbury versus Madison versus Madison is so important because the power of judicial review invalidate federal laws unconstitutional that power isn't anywhere in the Constitution itself Marbury versus Madison gave the court that power and without it the Supreme Court would probably be a footnote in list to unlock Marshall Jefferson and the Republicans were big proponents of strict construction the idea that the constitution should be read as literally as possible as a way of limiting the power of the federal what are my problem is the government wants to do with that the constitution didn't account for like for instance buying a large tract of land from Napoleon who as we remember from Crash Course history complicates everything let's go to the Louisiana Purchase rebellion in Haiti it's our team on the old idea of colonies at also because he needed money France about this Napoleon was like hey how about I sell you this turn up 250 million dollars today to put that into perspective a new aircraft carrier cost about 4.5 billion dollars so he got a good deal what's the problem with this nothing if you believe in a powerful government that can do stuff that's not in the Constitution but if you're a strict constructionist like Jefferson you have to reconcile this obviously beneficial act with their sing No mention in the constitution of the president being able to purchase land in order to expand the size of the US suicide Jefferson bought Louisiana and then sent Lewis and Clark to what which they did even going beyond the boundaries of the purchase all the way to the Pacific and this was so cool did it almost makes us forget that it was kind of unconstitutional and it huge power time for the president so the question is why did he do it Jefferson crease the size of the country of which we have cruel and of which we already have too much sure that they would be enough land for everyone small farm and this in would ensure that Americans would remain independent and virtuous because only a small farmer who doesn't have to depend on the market for food or shelter or anything really well slaves can be truly independent and those capable of participating in the nation of free men sorry products helps explain Jefferson's other incredibly controversial policy the Embargo Jefferson opposed the Embargo in order to punish Britain for its practice of impressing American sale as well as its blockade of France with whom Britain was once again or possibly just still at War and his solution was to get Congress forbid All American ships from sailing to foreign ports stop impressing American Sailors and end their blockade what's the connection between free trade and Jefferson's agrarian ideal what the idea was that America would trade its primary products drugs manufacturing so that the US wouldn't have to develop any manufacturing capacity of its own alas or perhaps fortunately this did not work for one thing Britain and France were too busy fighting shutter even to notice America's embargo continue pressing being able to import European manufactured goods only served to Spur American manufacturing Jefferson might have wanted Americans to be a bunch of self-sufficient Farmers but America wanted European manufacturing stuff like teapots and clocks and microwaves what did how did they cook stuff stand and if they couldn't get that stuff from Britain they would make it themselves so in terms of Jefferson's agrarian ideal the Embargo was a massive failure and lastly the Embargo limited the power of the federal government about as much as Crystal add limits cavities of federal power and it was also an imposition on people's Liberty problem next week it eventually led to the US's first declared war now I almost in American history save Independence which he mainly drafted as a signal achievement do anything some heroic ideas for the founding of the United States with also invading some of its crucial short come and Jefferson didn't see his like that too he claim to Champion small government but he in large Federal power more than Washington or Adams ever did he imagined an agrarian Republic but his Paula is that increased manufacturing he wanted to Foster freedom but he owned slaves and took Land from the Indians in the end Jefferson's life and policies and caps the best and the worst of us which is why his presidency is still worth studying closely I'll see you next week revisers married then Cody seducers Danica Johnson to show his written by my high school history teacher and myself and our Graphics team is Todd Cafe show me answered by our team of historians and we're also accepting submissions for the liver Tosh caption thanks for watching crash course and if we stay in my own town don't forget to be awesome it's going this

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Crash Course 10 US History "Thomas Jefferson"

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