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John Green's Crash Course US History 21 - Civil War Part Two

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Crash Course US History Episode 21 - Period 5 in APUSH

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hi I'm John Green this is Crash Course u.s. history and today we returned to wait what are we talking about today stand the Civil War and Lincoln's here not going to talk battles are generals with their heroic and probably fictional dying declaration did say that me from the past but it probably wasn't his last words but anyway today we're going to try to focus on what's really important in the vital stuff isn't like Pickett's Charge well that war is so terrible otherwise we would grow too fond of it or the surrender at the Appomattox Court House but the Civil War and the way we remember new shaping the world today and that's what I want to focus on because it's the stuff that might actually change the way you think about your own life in your own country whether it's the United States or the green parts of not America start with one of the big questions historians still ask about the Civil War did Lincoln free the slaves the answer as with so much here on Crash Course is yes also no let's go straight to the thought bubble today largely on his Emancipation Proclamation an executive order which went into effect on January 1st 1863 in territory currently rebelling against the United States u.s. government had no authority to free slaves this is rather like the United States announcing that from here on out North Korea will be ruled by Lady Gaga sure it's a great idea but it's not your jurisdiction in areas where the US did have the authority to free slaves the border states in some of the areas of the Confederacy that have been effectively conquered and occupied by federal troops good morning. For you so winking didn't free the slaves did he actually had the power to free many historians argue that in fact slaves freed themselves by running away to reminds and becoming quote contrabands because this was a time of war and valuable resource to the enemy when they escaped and sought Refuge with Union troops Union command wouldn't give them back despite fugitive slave laws still being on the books so many slaves escape the argument goes that Lincoln was basically forced to issue the Emancipation Proclamation because until did so those Contraband slaves were still technically property of their southern Masters and the Union Generals were breaking American laws by not returning them the Emancipation Proclamation then added bonus of encouraging more slaves to come over to the union lines many of whom join the Army which eventually included about 180,000 former slaves and free black men Lincoln may also issue the proclamation in order to shift the focus of the war from Union to slavery to prevent the British from recognizing the Confederacy arguably the Confederacy best chance to win the civil war was to get some kind of foreign Patron and Britain was the likeliest choice as it was very dependent on Confederate textiles play the Canada Britain had already abolish slavery and it was the historic source of abolitionist sentiment and so it was very shrewd of Lincoln to make the war about slavery iworld historian hat for a moment thank you stand the fact that the British did not recognize the South had profound effects on the whole world because it meant that the British shifted their focus to Egypt India as sources of cotton for their textile mills can United States and perhaps more importantly he continued the war to its conclusion and demanded that the end of slavery and the return of the southern states to the union B conditions for peace this may seem obvious today but in 1864 it wasn't in fact there were numerous calls in the north for an end to the war that would allow the South to exist as a separate country and leave slavery in now course the rest of world history indicates that it's some point slavery would have ended but by Prosecuting the war to its end and Lincoln brought about slavery's and sooner the Civil War didn't just end slavery if it'll differently me from the past might have been annoying teachers in a different country from the one in which I now live on might have even a passport to visit my parents in North Carolina and slavery might have serve four decades Brazil didn't fully evolved slavery until 1888 and the South would be covered in green as part of North America or the North depending on where you're watching this video I guess and the people live through the Civil War knew it was momentous in his famous Gettysburg Address Abraham Lincoln Foster the idea that the Civil War was a kind of second American Revolution or at least a nation in reaffirmation of the first one from these honored dead we take increased Devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion that we here highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the People by the people for the people shall not perish from the earth we tried our Daniel Day-Lewis for that but he was unavailable New Birth of Freedom as well because Century equivalent to Born Again In terms of its scale and its destruction like their enemy stand marble top fortunity  the new technologies made this one of the most destructive Wars yet recorded and yes I know the taiping Rebellion took more lives in terms of percentage of population killed the contemporaneous war in Paraguay was worth mafair with rifles and toward the end of the Civil War Machine Gun shift in the way that people fight APK easier to play the line so Cavalry Charges in huge waves of attacks started to be just slaughtery although it would take World War 1 for the rest of the world to figure that out numbers of when did really changed Americans relationship with death itself National Cemetery and the Civil War help to create a culture of immortality itself into cemeteries replacing church ards as the final resting places for most American and the site of Slaughter and the sheer weight of it had profound existential effects on generation of American intellectuals from Walt Whitman to Oliver Wendell Holmes the rules here are simple I guess the mystery. can usually I am shocked I'm going to go ahead and call it as being by Matthew I got it but I know it's cold wounded soldiers in hospital thank you for an easy one stand people he often took credit for work done by his employees and breathing really changed the way that people thought about it in some 10,000 images during the Civil War and it was the first time that an event have been photographically document and so thoroughly by the way lest you think that the unreliability of images begin with Photoshop many of these photographs were staying they would move body sometimes soldiers were apparently told to act dead but it's a Time photographs felt inherently authentic and written accounts of battles could now be accompanied by actual image fighting and its aftermath what's the most important impact of the Civil War was the new nation that it created like the American Civil War fits right in with the global phenomenon of nation thing that was happening we would have places on the map like Italy and Germany and older places like Greece would be reborn as nation-states and then all of these places would be known to skins as not America good by the way congratulations to Italy on their recent election of their 730 second prime minister and just 180 years of existence by far the most successful of these new nation Play It's were the ones that embraced industrialization and modernization in centralized government Northern victory in the Civil War meant that the United States would follow the path that the North had laid down play would become an industrial rather than agrarian Nation with a national government preeminent over those of individual states it would become a nation and it's not a coincidence it over course of the 19th century people stopped pluralizing the United States they stopped saying the United States are a great place to live in began saying the United States is a great place to live the Civil War helped singularize what in been until then a portal Nation at Abraham Lincoln was the first president to truly expand the power of the executive you ordered block Haynes and when did habeas corpus in addition to emancipating the slaves but the republican-dominated Congress played a role in this federalization to Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862 that in turn settlement of the west by basically giving away land to anyone who had $18 and was willing to live on it and farm it for 5 years offer training a new scientific agricultural techniques the Department of Agriculture was created to generate statistics and share best practices in farming Congress also helped unify the country with massive grants in the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 buy railroad ties the nation ticket I'll take my coat and go thumb tacks in American history as well as floating huge Bond issues to the public and when that wasn't enough the administration begin printing Federal money on green paper called greenbacks these along with notes buy Banks under the National Bank activating 63 became the first national currency in the United States altogether the total cost of the war for the union with 6.7 billion dollars interesting Lee if in 1860 the federal government had purchased every slave and granted a 40-acre farm to each family the total cost would have been 3.1 bill have been hard to get that bill through Congress and federal government wait to become dominant in the United States after the war in the North during the Civil War would have been hard-pressed to notice that they were even in a war ultimately the Civil War was a victory for Alexander Hamilton's Federalist vision of what America should be I mean the United States that emerge from the Civil War it supported an army of a million men carried a 2.5 billion dollar national debt distributed public lands printed in National currency and collected in a ray of internal is it sounds like Britain to the Civil War wasn't just a victory of North over South or a freedom over slavery it created the nation that the United States of America has become thanks for watching I'll see you next week by Stan Miller our script supervisor is Danica Johnson the show was written by my history teacher role Meyer and myself and our Graphics team is Star Cafe every week There's new caption for the Liberties you can suggest some in comments where you can also ask questions about today's video that will be answered by our team Lawrence thank you for watching it as we say in my hometown don't forget to be awesome

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John Green's Crash Course US History 21 - Civil War Part Two

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