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Crash Course 15 - Reform movements in 19th Century

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info on the utopian societies and 2nd Great Awakening in Period 4

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hi I'm John Green this is Crash Course u.s. history and today we finally get to talk about sex also some other things change the dream Erica but I promise there will be some serious is it going to be about real sex or is it going to be about people who are obsessed with not having sex how and whether we scoodilypoop ends up saying a lot about America and also people in general someone responds to the massive changes brought about by the shift to an industrialized market economy with the create new taupe in communities where people can separate themselves from the worst aspects of this Brave New World most famous who are famous for their excellent picture so you can't say that they withdrew from the market sister communities petition for mates by recruitment play surge as they embraced equality of the Sexes at their Peak they had more than 6,000 members today they are still one of the most successful utopian communities to have emerged in the 19th they have three members more successful in the long run with the Latter Day Saints also called Mormons although at the time their ideas were so far out of the mainstream that they were persecuted and Chase from New York all the way to Utah LDS Church Holy Scripture which tells of Jesus visits to the Americas what we suffer too widespread persecution and even some massacres the LDS church continue to grow and in fact continues to today's communities were based in religion what time is to create new models of society like Brook Farm put the manual labor and intellectual engagement could be successfully mixed Community Drew on the ideas of the French social was Charles Fourier who as you may recall from crash course world history plead no joke that's socialism would eventually turn the Seas into lemonade and much like 4 years planned communities Brook Farm did not work out largely because and I can say this once Authority Riders do not enjoy farming romances on to an unsuspecting reading public I'm sorry if anyone I do like this better but I feel like the only reason your Red is because you were like the only author in pre-civil war America can we have to pretend that American begin with Huck Finn's Journey on the Mississippi or else we're stuck with you there's just like you Thomas Paine Mary rowlandson a bunch of printed sermons and James Fenimore anyway the most utopian of the utopian communities were set up at Utopia Ohio and modern times New York by Josie Loren Turnberry including marriage which as you can imagine worked out brilliantly but without any laws to regulate Behavior Warren's communities were individualism on steroids so Vape stop spectacularly and quickly what is utopian communities were relatively rare many more nineteenth-century Americans participated in efforts to reform Society rather than just raw from its religion particularly a religious revival called the Second Great Awakening prettiest with Charles grandison Finney giant camp meetings in New York and it away the Second Great Awakening made America a religious nature the number of Christian ministers in the United States went from 2000 in the 1770s to 40,000 by 1845 and Western New York with the center of this revivalism that's where Joseph Smith had his Revelations who are John Humphrey Noyes down in his Oneida Community in which postmenopausal women introduced teenage boys to sex and which eventually ceased being a religious community and evolved into wait for it one of the world's largest silverware companies that's right every time you take a bite of food with Oneida Cutlery you're celebrating free love and may December relationship so now February December relationships  so yes religious fervor burned so hot in Upstate New York that it became known as the Wendover District in New York Remains the heartland of conservative Christianity to this day or not the individual choice in Salvation and a personal relationship with Christ it was deeply influenced by the market Revolution creatures who would travel the country drumming up business Awakening ministers also preach the values of sobriety industry and self-discipline which in become the essence of both the market want to meet and the impulse for reform my Nations which meant they wouldn't have a lot of appeal to immigrants from Ireland and Germany who started to pour into the United States in the middle of the 19th century because those people were mostly Catholic and beer when's will get to momentarily unlimited improve ultimately on a different view of freedom than we might be used to and this is really important to understand for 19th century reformers Freedom was the opposite of being able to do whatever you want which day is sociated with the word license in we the true Freedom was like an internal phenomenon that came from self-discipline and the practice of self-control instead of being you to drink booze you would be free from the temptation to drink boots is anything but an absence of restraint rests upon a moral ground work upon the virtue of self-possession and self-control in individual citizens fastest growing Protestant denominations like methodists and Baptists were taught that it wasn't enough to avoid sin themselves they also needed to protect their communities and that leads us to America's great National nightmare temperance uncommonly drunk in fact in 1830 per capita wicker consumption with 7 gallons per year more than double what it is now and that doesn't even count in wine mirror hard cider Zima Bruno Bruno under the couch can alcohol appeal to those Protestant ideas of restraint and perfecting the social or Catholic immigrants who came Rangeley from Germany and Ireland to Nations not known for their opposition to strong drink and be Catholic in the Catholic church or dancing give me sinful the way that so many Protestant denominations did and then we have the widespread construction of asylums and other homes for Outkast is were built by the hundreds in the 19th century jails poor houses asylums for the mentally ill and while they might not seem like places of freedom to reformers they were Freedom was all about not having the choice to sins so you could be free of sin might of course that their crusading reformers who built these places usually chose not to live in them can you place this you're forced to go regardless of whether you want to the mid-nineteenth century saw the growth of compulsory state-funded education in the United States Farmers like Horace Mann hope that they would give poor students the moral character and body of knowledge to compete with upper-class and that worked out great just look where we are on the equality of opportunity and this may seem like an obvious win for all involved but many parents are posed common schools because they didn't want their kids getting moral instruction from the government to buy 1860 all northern states stablish Public Schools but they were far less common in the South where the planter class was afraid of Education falling into the wrong hands like for instance those in for whites and Especial slave which brings us to abolition let's go to the thought bubble movement in the first half of the 19th century alcohol Savory was the worst in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the only Challengers to slavery were slaves themselves free blacks and Quakers in the early 19th century colonization began to gain ground their idea was to ship all former slaves back to Africa and the American Colonization Society became popular and Wealthy enough to establish buy beer as an independent Homeland for former slaves well the idea was Impractical and racist it appealed to politicians like Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay and some black people who figured that America racism would never allow them to be treated as equals did choose to emigrate to Liberia the most free blacks oppose the idea in fact in 1817 three thousand of them assembled in healthy and declared the black people were entitled to the same Freedom as white advocates for the end of slavery became more and more radical like William Lloyd Garrison who's mad letting the Liberator was first published in 1831 known for being as harsh as truth and his uncompromising as Justice Garrison once Verne the Constitution declaring it was a pack did the devil became a movement largely because it use the same mix of pamphleteering and charismatic speechifying that people saw in the preachers of the Second Great Awakening which turn brought religion in evolution together in the north preaching a simple message slavery was a sin by 1843 100,000 Northerners remind with the American anti-slavery Society inclusive vision of Freedom it wasn't just about ending slavery but about equality tension of full citizens rights to all people regardless of race by the way it was abolitionist who rechristened the Old State House Bell in Philadelphia the Liberty Bell where's all this awesome stuff happened in Philadelphia play Shazam with violent like in 1838 a mob in Philadelphia burn down Pennsylvania hall because people were using it to hold abolitionist meetings and you were doing  Turn Philadelphia relator a mob in Alton Illinois murdered anti-slavery editor Elijah Lovejoy when he was defending his printing press this was the fifth time by the way that it had destroyed one of his newspaper Congress got in on the wet suppressed free speech and the Press act by adopting the gag rule in 1836 from Reading aloud or casting calls for the emancipation of slaves seriously and you thought the filibuster was dysfunctional what a brilliant Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American slave to write about the evils of slavery slavery novel ever Uncle Tom's Cabin all the dolls Gavin sold more than a million copies between 1851 and 1854 and despite the unreadable heavy-handed Pros drenched in sentimentality the book is right reminder that bad novels can also change the world which is why it was so widely banned in the sound a little based on a black man story Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by a white woman it was the black abolitionists were battling not just slavery but near ubiquitous racist Like Pat Boone recording Little Richard to make it safe for the white kids at the sock hop to fight the pseudoscience sing the black people were physically inferior to white people or just born to servitude and they had a counter the common conception still common I'm afraid that there was no such thing as a free civilization for the mystery document  the rules here are simple if I guess the author the mystery document I do not get shot let's see what you got beloved Brethren here let me tell you and believe it that he Lord Our God as true as he sits on his throne in heaven and as true as our savior. Redeemed world will give you a Hannibal and when the Lord shall have raised him up and giving him to you for your possession oh my suffering bredrin remember the divisions and consequence stop rings of Carthage and of Haiti what need have I to refer to Antiquity when Haiti the glory of the blacks and Terror of tyrants is enough to convince the most avaricious and skip-it of riches edible who crash course world history fans will remember almost conquered the Romans using freaking elephant and Hannibal was from Carthage which I don't need to tell you is in Africa he also warns that what is the terror of tyrants referencing the widespread massacring of white people After the Revolution okay that's what we know now we shall make our guest Henry Highland garnet shut up positive reinforcement it's about shocking yourself when you screw up I got a 3 on the AP American History test so I should know it's like Frederick Douglass Walker when the most eloquent spokesman for the idea of equal citizenship in the United States for black and white people International viewers Wednesday is July 4th so he gave the speech on July 4th Frederick Douglass said you argue with me that man is entitled to Liberty that he is the rightful owner of his own body cleared it must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery there is not a man beneath the canopy of Heaven that does not know that slavery is wrong for him but in the end this if this Haitian and elegance of the black abolitionists arguments became one of the strongest Arguments for abolition if black people were better off enslaved and inherently inferior did anyone account for a man like Frederick Douglass evolutionism at least until after the Civil War pushed all of the reform movements to the edge at the end it's no coincidence abolitionist voices Lake Harriet Beecher Stowe for instance were female and their work toward a more just social order for others transform the way that American women imagined themselves as well which is what we'll be discussing next week I'll see you then thanks for watching is written by my high school history teacher role Meyer and myself and our Graphics team is talk Cafe if you questions about today you can ask them in, they'll be answered by our team of historians you can also suggest transfer the libertas watching crash course in the Super Saiyan my own town don't forget to be awesome

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Crash Course 15 - Reform movements in 19th Century

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