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World War II (Part Two)

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Info corresponding to Chapter 23 BTP (Period 7)

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hi I'm John Green this is Crash Course u.s. history and today we're going to discuss how World War II played out at home and also the meaning of the war make one of the boring philosophical ones then me from the past I remember when you were idealistic I remember a time when all you cared about with the Deep inner mean mostly girls when you changed me from the past and not in a good way World War II brought about tremendous changes in the United States in many ways shaping how Americans come to see themselves and how they would want to be seen by the rest of the world by the end of the war the country was very different World War II strengthened the federal government in the United States even more government intervention in control than we had seen in World War 1 it was like the New Deal on steroids like federal agencies like the war production board War Manpower Commission can office of price Administration took unprecedented control of the economy here is massive rationing of food and supplies entire industries were completely taken over by the government federal government fixed wages rents prices and especially production quotas if you're looking to buy a 1942 model Ford or Chrysler good book because there weren't anything told those car makers not to create new models that year life and controlled all the industries I mean how did this communist end up on the dyno answer play well it might have stuck not to have a 1942 Ford most people were just happy to be working after the Great Depression appointment drop from 14% in 1940 to 2% in 4313 million Americans were serving in the military in some capacity so that helped employment reducing an airplane every 5 minutes and a ship every day us gross national product went from 91 billion to 214 billion why did the federal government expenditures during the war twice the amount they had been in the previous one ears combined play practice I first became familiar with when working at Steak and Shake discovering that instead of being paid I don't know like $100 a week I was being paid negative $30 a week because had to declare my tips cuz my dad made me before World War II only four million Americans even paid federal income taxes but after the war 40 million big business got even bigger during the war because of government contracts cost-plus contracts guaranteed that companies would make a profit and the Lion's Share of contracts went to the biggest by the wars and the 200 biggest American corporations controlled half of all of America's corporate assets sickly created the West Coast as an industrial center Seattle became a shipping and aircraft manufacturing Hub and California got 10% of all federal spending Los Angeles became largest manufacturing center in the country meeting that it was not in fact built by Hollywood it was built by World War II happened in cities in the South only had two cities with more than half a million people organized labor continue to grow as well when union membership soaring from around 9 million in 1942 almost sing million in 1945 besides union-friendly new deal policies the government forced employers to recognize unions in order to prevent labor strife and keep the factories set the war production would not decreased any of those factories give me the rain while there wasn't actually a Riveter named Rosie or maybe there was but there's no labor force in addition to the three 2000 who were serving in the military and the type of women who were working changed as well married women in their thirties outnumbered single women in the workforce spin amnon as temporary so when the war was over most women workers especially those in high-paying industrial jobs were let go on working-class women who needed to work survive and had to return to lower-paid work as domestics or in Food Services or God forbid as teachers String Theory simply use primary sources for learning as this is a serious show about history and then if I guess the author wrong I get shot today let's take a look certainly there is no time for any what's the stop thinking about the social and economic problems which are the root cause of the social Revolution which is today is supreme factor in the world for there is nothing mysterious about the foundation a healthy and strong democracy the basic things expected by our people and their political and economic systems are simple they are equality of opportunity for Youth and for others homes for those who can work security for those who needed the ending of special privilege for the few the preservation of civil liberties for all I mean that's in pretty hardcore New Deal stuff right bear and the biggest new dealer of all was FDR but I remember last time when I guessed FDR and it was actually Eleanor Roosevelt so  you wouldn't do Eleanor Roosevelt  or would you so I mentioned at the beginning of this video that World War II was an ideological war in nothing better encapsulate that idea than FDR's Four Freedoms which were freedom of speech free stop worship Freedom from Want and Freedom From Fear during the war the national resources planning board offered a plan for a peacetime Economy based on Full Employment and welfare state in a higher standard of living for all current an adequate income Medical Care education and housing to All American as if they are put it true individual Freedom cannot exist without Economic Security independently because Southern Democrats in the House and Senate didn't want it to because it would have meant a larger role for unions and also extending greater equality to African Americans they weren't about to let that happen I mean their jobs were literally dependent upon African Americans not being able to vote adjustment act to prevent widespread unemployment for returning soldiers it worked amazingly well and by 1946 more than 1 million former soldiers were enrolled in college and almost four million God assistance with mortgages spurring a post-war housing boom Levittown and all the town since that look like it came after the war when was Big Business added a fifth Freedom free enterprise you can once more walk into any store in the land and buy anything you want according to an ad for Royal Typewriters wasn't limited to the in States like Henry Luce the publisher of Time Magazine published a book called The American Century climbing the Warhead thrust upon the US the opportunity to share with all people magnificent Industrial Products that's a quote and American ideas like love of freedom and free economic Enterprise where did Americans start of themselves like because the Nazis were racist americanism would mean diversity and tolerance and equality for all people federal government supported this version America FDR claimed it to be an American was quote a matter of mind and heart not a matter of race and ancestry course it wasn't a matter of ancestry we'd already killed 90 5% of the indigenous population in publishing the scientific basis of race American suddenly embrace the equality for all people anti-Semitism still existed in contributed to the government's not doing more to help the Jews who perished in the Holocaust in fact only 1000 Jewish people were allowed to come to the u.s. during the course of the war and white people's fear over minority groups contributed to race riots in Detroit and the Zoot Suit Riot against Mexicans and play Angeles in 1943 song by the Cherry Poppin daddies also a tragic moment in American history from Mexico under the program last until 1964 and about 500,000 Mexican American men and women served in the armed forces during the war American Indians although Indian patients being largely world didn't really share in the wartime Prosperity Asian Americans are probably the most glaring example of the failure to be adequately pluralistic what things did improve for Chinese Americans because America couldn't keep restricting the immigration of its Ally in the war Japanese Americans suffered horrible racism in one of the worst violation civil liberties in America's history in February 1942 all persons of Japanese descent from the West Coast chip Japanese Americans lived in California and doesn't result of this order more than 110,000 people almost two-thirds of whom were American citizens were sent to internment camps where they lived in makeshift Barracks under the eyes and searchlights of guards for failing to show up for internment all the way to the in court where he lost in yet another horrendous Supreme Court decision they still served in segregated regiments in the armed forces book more than 1 million of them answered the call to fight and just as important continuing The Great Migration that had begun in the 19 2700 thousand African Americans left the South moving to Northern and especially Western cities where they can find jobs even though these mass migrations often led to tensions between blacks and whites and sometimes these tensions exploded into violence of the Civil Rights Movement angered by discrimination in defense employment black labor leader A Philip threatened a March on Washington demanding access to defense jobs and end to segregation and a federal anti-lynching law he didn't get all those things but he did get executive or 8802 which banned discrimination in defense hiring and created the Fair Employment Practices commission the APC couldn't enforce anti-discrimination but as a men's agency it helped African American workers and paying jobs in arms factories and shipyards by 1944 more than a million black people are working in manufacturing and 100000 of them were women the rhetoric of fighting a war for Freedom against the racist dictatorship wasn't lost on African Americans and many Saw themselves as engaged in double V campaign victory over the Axis powers of Broad and over racism in the United States the Warsaw ending segregation and black equality become corner when's bamerica liberalism along with full employment in the expansion of civil liberties eventually even the Army and Navy began to integrate although the full end to discrimination in the military would have to wait in well after the war active role in planning for a more peaceful and prosperous postwar world and conferences at Aron Yalta and Potsdam clarified War aims and establish the idea that Germany would be invited and Nazis tried for war crimes put the 1944 conference Bretton Woods in beautiful freedom-loving New Hampshire established America's economic dominance as the dollar which again would be backed by gold replace the pound is the main currency in international transactions cannibal but this isn't the United States became the financial leader of a global capitalist order the United Nations what's conference in 1944 why do we not have a un Commission on improving the names of historical events in all of the UN was to ensure peace and the United States is does one of the five permanent members of the security Council signaled that it intended to take an active and leading role in international Affairs and we had to because by the end of the world do United States in the USSR were powerful enough to have any influence World War II ended the depression and transformed America's economy it cemented the new definition of liberalism Wish by the New Deal and opened up opportunities for diverse groups of Americans of Freedom both at home and abroad the Atlantic Charter along with Britain affirming the freedom of all people to choose their own government and declaring that the defeat of Nazi Germany would help to bring about a world quote improved labor standards economic advancement and Social Security that was about freedom but was also about Gunner murder call the American creed a belief in equality Justice equal opportunity and freedom I want to be clear that we have done a terrible job of living up to the American creed but this I have American history is in many ways the story of ideas pulling policy not the other way around social history is also a story about the power of ideas in World War II helped clarify those ideas for America and for the world next week Siri is made by all of these nice people and it exists because of you and your support through sellable here crash course you like making educational content that's free for everyone forever and can you do that because many people subscribe on a monthly basis through some of them to crash course there are lots of cool perks like signed posters over it sellable but the biggest perk is that you can get watching this show so thank you for making it possible thanks for watching it as we say in my hometown don't forget to be awesome

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World War II (Part Two)

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