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Crash Course 29 on the Progressive Presidents

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TR, Taft, and Wilson

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hi I'm John Green this is Crash Course u.s. history and today we're going to finish our discussion of progressivism great man history great man history I was born on a sunny summer morning in 1970 from the boy not a man Dinwiddie brilliant senior prank that wasn't even your idea however 39 of our 43 presidents were at least arguably great men and today will be talking about any of them it will be kind of like Jefferson versus Hamilton for the twentieth century except not like that at all soon as we saw him crash course world history some governments were on the rise from the middle of the nineteenth Century until basically now kind of an international corporation but it wasn't the same as Coca-Cola although they did next Mania for nationalization even if that did sports like in baseball Dean Ash league and the American League were formed at in 1903 they played the first inaccurately named World Series I'm sorry anyway the rise of a strong national government was seen as an alternative to people's lives being controlled by provincial city and state governments or by ever-growing Corporation better if the new Republic thought that to achieve the Jeffersonian Democratic self-determination ideal of individual Freedom the country needed to employ hamiltonian government in turn in the economy and he wasn't the only one who believed that okay need it by Leon schools goes Colts Scrolls scold Souls gets older chew goggles can I was Leon Chuckles and Leon Chuckles was a real barrel of give me a century president in both domestic and foreign policy and set the political agenda for the whole country his political program the square deal and two distinct good corporations that provided useful products and services at fair prices from Evil corporations that existed just to make money that is hilarious a corporation doesn't exist just to make money fantastic but they are relate the economy directly into breakup power of wealthy corporations and use the Sherman Act to prosecute bad trust such as the Northern Securities company which was a holding company created by JPMorgan that directed three major railroads and monopolized transport and that did not make JPMorgan a happy bunny slate Ave in executive branches managed to work together and Congress passed some actual legislation including the Hepburn Act of 1906 which gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to regulate railroad rates and examine their company books economic exploitation elephant with his big stick while he walked Softly reflecting the progressive idea that experts could manage the world of 1908 Teddy Roosevelt decided to go elephant hunting instead of running for reelection and he picked William Howard Taft his successor but the man who became our largest president massively disappointed Roosevelt when I say our largest by the way I don't mean our greatest I mean our largest stop pretty hardcore trustbuster who ordered the prosecution that broke up Standard Oil in 1911 but he didn't see big business as bad unless the corporation's stifled petition Congress to pass an income tax amendment volume liquor excise tax stop that he actually challenge the incumbent president for the Republican nomination in 1912 which Roosevelt lost but he didn't let it drop he founded his own Progressive Party called The Bull Moose so that he could run again Teddy Roosevelt for the Bull Moose Party Wilson Contemporary American political discourse all four of these people would have been seen as somewhere between crazy liberals and actual Communists so Eugene some right here in my home state of Indiana did not support the Socialist party's goal of abolishing capital pause limiting work hours and running on the Socialist ticket Deb's one 6% of the vote which was to quote another president not bad but the election 1912 turned out to be a contest between listen Roosevelt's competing views over the dangers of increasing government power and economic concentration more than being alone government must in these days be positive not negative merely that's just not good grammar is program called New Freedom restoring Market competition in preventing Big Business from dominating government it included stronger antitrust laws and policies to encourage small businesses Kayden was a program he called New Nationalism because of course and election years all things are new recognized can use his New Nationalism included heavy taxes on personal and corporate fortunes and greater Federal Regulation of Industry modern welfare stated called for women's suffrage Federal Regulation National Labor and health legislation for women and children 8 hour days and living wage all workers National systems of social insurance for health unemployment and old age what are we Canada  you are recording on Wii U stand put on his party's platform was one of the most important documents in the history of mankind and Americans are green they supported him and elected him in a landslide oh wait lower they did instead he lost it also what happened in the election is the Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote leaving Woodrow Wilson president with a mere 42% of the popular vote giving us our only democratic slim between 1896 and 1932 who's your simple I guess the author the mystery document if I'm wrong make a shock to buy the shop in which my name you insist this fictional but I promise it's not the two things we are fighting against namely excessive tariffs and almost Universal Monopoly are the very things that these two branches of the Republican Party both declined to combat they intend to accept these evils and stagger along under the burden of excessive tariffs and in turbo monopolies as best they can through administrative commission's I say therefore then it is inconceivable that the people of the United States who is instinct is against privilege Andrews deepest convictions are against monopolies should turn to either of these parties for Relief when these parties do not so much as pretend to offer them alright it's definitely about the 1912 election talks about the Republican Party being split into two parts so it's by a Democrat or socialist but probably a Democrat judging from the mystery document it's always make it hard stand so it's not going to be Woodrow Wilson because that would be obvious but I do not know the names of any other prominent Democrats so I am going to guess Woodrow Wilson  anti Terra fan timer pass go do not collect $200 stance New Freedom one out and because the Democrats also controlled Congress Wilson was able to implement this program for duties and did the ratification of the 16th Amendment Congress imposed and graduated income tax on the richest 5% of Americans from antitrust laws and made it easier for them to strike the Keating Owen act which outlawed child labor in manufacturing and of The Adamson Act which mandated in 8 hour work for railroad worker Roosevelt's New Nationalism not being pretty similar emulation of the economy system of health and unemployment office he also supported the founding of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 which gave the government much more control over banks in response to the Panic of 1907 where they us give me bailed out by JP Morgan you're not big Banks the government also became an international phenomenon as presidents expanded national government power outside the countries border mostly in the Western Hemisphere Marines landed in Caribbean countries over 20 times usually to create a more friendly environment for American businesses but sometimes just to hang out on the beach I just point to an interesting action Progressive presidents were very concerned about big business as a threat to freedom in the United States but in Latin America and the Caribbean they weren't that concerned about freedom Teddy Roosevelt especially with much more active in international diplomacy than his predecessors he was the first president to win the Nobel Peace Prize for instance for helping to negotiate the Treaty of port the end of the russo-japanese war in 1905 speak softly and carry a big stick which is the US will intervene in Latin America for we want the most famous such intervention was the building of the Panama Canal featured Feats of engineering and succeeding where the French had failed star these are my turn four things let's go to the phone wasn't so awesome in 1903 how to lead an uprising banal Veria a representative the Panama Canal company was so grateful after the u.s. sent a gunboat to ensure that the Colombian Army couldn't stop him that he signed a tree giving us the right to build and operate the canal and sovereignty over newly independent Panama Canal Zone which we gave up in 2000 after enjoying nearly 100 sovereignty thanks to Jimmy Carter's stupid altruism Latin American States from European intervention now according to Roosevelt big stick like exercising please power over the Western Hemisphere what's the customs house in the Dominican Republic to make sure that they paid their debts to investors then by executive agreement American Banks got control of the dr's finances Roosevelt to encourage investment by the United Fruit Company in Honduras and Costa Rica helping to turn those Nations into Banana Republic nope not the store thought bubble yes is if he's experiences as governor of the Philippines was less eager to wave America's big stick Lucy the came to be known as Dollar Diplomacy no Woodrow Wilson okay was not of American History professor and ones had been governor was New Jersey so he understood moral indecency products like in 1916 he instructed a group of businessmen sell Goods that will make the world more comfortable and happy and convert them to the principles of America Woodrow Wilson believed correctly that the essence of democracy is the freedom to choose among hundreds of brightly colored breakfast cereals Wilson intervene in Latin America any other US president in his greatest Mexico where he wanted to teach the Mexicans quote to elect good men who's going to the military dictator victoriano Huerta the Americans who landed at Veracruz were not welcomed with the open Mexicans and 19 Americans were killed 1916 having oranges Wesson just kidding Wilson 10 10,000 troops into Northern Mexico to chase after revolutionary Bandit Pancho Villa in New Mexico and every what is the proper response to such a criminal act is to send 10,000 troops into a foreign country  next fortunately except that he actually did not capture Pancho Villa to Wilson's meeting America to our first International moral Crusade our involvement in the Great War cuz Roosevelt Taft and Wilson oversaw the expansion of the power of the federal government both at home and abroad and in doing so they became the first modern American how many days we might talk about small government and large government but really we're always talking about large government Roosevelt Taft and Wilson recognize that the national government was going to have to do big business that would have to get big to do that and also them in this new industrial air who build new imperialistic foreign policies around the idea that the safe for the world was for American Business the better it was for American as our old friend the presidents spoke the most about Freedom we're likely to intervene most frequently in the Affairs of other countries sometimes for good and sometimes for ill will see an extreme and ambiguous case that next week when we look at America in World War 1 thanks for watching I'll see you then where is Danica Johnson our show is written by my high school history teacher role Meyer Rosie on a Rojas and myself and our Graphics team is thought Cafe every week There's a new captain for the liver Tonic If you'd like to suggest one you can do so in comments where you can also ask questions about today's video that will be answered by our team of historians say to watching crash course and if we stay in my hometown don't forget to be awesome

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